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State Punjab
Capital Chandigarh†
Coordinates 30.75° N 76.78° E
Largest city Chandigarh†
Population (2001) 900,635 [1] (29)
Density 7,900/km²
Population (2001) 56,198
Density 327/km²
Area 114 km² (33)
Districts 1
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Establishment March 1948
Official language(s) Punjabi, Hindi
Abbreviation (ISO) IN-CH



Chandigarh also called The City Beautiful, is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. However, administratively, the city is not under the jurisdiction of either state, it is administered by the federal government and hence classified as a union territory. The Governor of the Punjab is the Administrator of Chandigarh.

The city derives its name from a temple of goddess "Chandi" (the Chandi Mandir) located in nearby Panchkula district of Haryana. The word Chandigarh literally means "the fort of goddess Chandi".

Chandigarh is known for its high standard of living and tops the list of Indian States (Provinces) and Union Territories with a Human Development Index of 0.674.

Chandigarh has two satellite cities (both of which share a border with it): Panchkula and Mohali. Sometimes, the triangle of these three cities is collectively called as the Chandigarh Tricity.

History  

After the partition of South Asia into the two states of India and Pakistan in 1947, Indian Punjab needed a new capital city to replace Lahore, that was now in Pakistan. After several plans to make additions to existing cities were found to be infeasible for various reasons, the decision to construct a new city was taken.

Of all the new town schemes in independent India, the Chandigarh project quickly assumed prime significance, because of the city's strategic location as well as Jawaharlal Nehru's (the first Prime Minister of independent India) personal interest in it. Commissioned by Nehru to reflect the new nation's modern, progressive outlook, Nehru famously proclaimed Chandigarh to be "unfettered by the traditions of the past, a symbol of the nation's faith in the future." Several buildings in Chandigarh were designed by the Swiss-born French architect and planner, Le Corbusier in the 1950s. Le Corbusier was in fact the second architect of the city, after the initial master plan was prepared by the American architect-planner Albert Mayer who was working with the Polish-born architect Matthew Nowicki. It was only after Nowicki's untimely death in 1950 that Le Corbusier was pulled into the project.

Chandigarh was due to be transferred to Punjab in 1986, in accordance with an agreement signed in August 1985 by Rajiv Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India at that time, with Sant Harchand Singh Longowal of the Akali Dal. This was to be accompanied by the creation of a new capital for Haryana, but the transfer has been delayed pending an agreement on the districts of Punjab that should be transferred to Haryana in exchange.


sukhna lake, chadigarh
Geography  

Chandigarh is located in the fringes of the Shivalik range of the Himalayas in Northwest India. It covers an area of approximately 114 sq. km. and shares its borders with the States of Haryana in the south and Punjab in the north.Chandigarh has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm, hot summers, cool winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (0°C to 44°C). In winters, frost sometimes occurs during December and January. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 617 mm. It also receives occasional winter rains from the western disturbance.

 
Tourism  

Open from 10.00 hrs to 16.30hrs. all days except Monday and official holidays.

An important building designed by Le Corbusier, in the moving spirit behind its eventual construction in 1968 was Dr. M.S. Randhawa, Chandigarh's first Chief Commissioner, and himself an art scholar. Ratna Mathur Fabri, an outstanding Indian designer made the museum furniture, display screens, showcases and frames. The present museum (earlier housed in temporary quarters) opened on May 6,1968.In 1949 the collection of the Central Museum, Lahore, was divided between India and Pakistan. India's share, the core collection of this museum, included 619 Gandhara sculptures and 92 ancient sculptures from other periods, as well as 447 miniature paintings (mainly from the Punjab Hills but with some Persian, Mughal and Rajasthani works in addition). Besides there were small collection of objects in stucco and terra cotta metal, ivory, lacquer, ceramic, enamel and fabric. Over the past 40 years more than 9,000 objects have been acquired, the total number of works now exceeds 10,000. A guide to the museum, a catalogue of contemporary art, a catalogue of Brahmanical sculptures and series of picture postcards are on sale in the museum lobby. Art scholars may consult more than 6,000 books and journals in the museum's reference library. All the manuscripts of Dr. M.S. Randhawa are also preserved here. The museum's documentation section has an extensive collection of photographs and slides. Documentation of the Gandhara Collection has been computerised: computerised documentation of other collections is underway.

Open from 10.00 hrs to 16.40 hrs all days except Monday and official holidays.

Opened on August 14,1973. A large cyclorama gallery is the focus of the museum; it depicts the origin of the earth and the evolution of life. Other galleries introduce the viewer to astronomy, geology and the world of ancient man.

Open from 10.00 hrs to 16.30hrs all days except Monday and official holidays.

This gallery exhibits works by young artists of the city. The museum frequently organises art workshops for children.

Open from 09.00 hrs to 17.00 hrs all days except Saturday & Sunday and official holidays.

Opened on September 11,1977 with photographs and paintings of 125 prominent figures of India's Independence movement. The exhibits are intended to chronicle the struggle for freedom from 1857 to 1947. The gallery now contains 1066 photographs plus facsimiles of original writings, sculptures, ceramic murals and glass-box tableaux depicting turning points in the independence movement. The gallery's library contains some 1300 books on the freedom struggle. One can also hear the taped voices of many of India's patriots.

Open from 10.00 hrs to 17.00 hrs all days except official holidays.

Set up on December 24, 1985 in Bal Bhawan, Sector 23, it contains more than 300 dolls from nearly every country in the world. Ten ceramic murals and a large model train completes the display.

Open from 10.00 hrs to 17.00 hrs all days except Sunday and official holidays.

Set up in Sector-16, the Kendra is the office of the Punjab Arts Council (Punjab Lalit Kala Akademi). Exhibitions are frequently organised in its large galleries and the Punjab Lalit Kala Akademy's permanent collection of contemporary art is also on display here.

Open from 10.00 hrs to 19.00 hrs all days except Thursday and official holidays.

This unique sculpture garden, the work of the city's internationally acclaimed artist Nek Chand, spreads over 64 acres. The visitor is led through a maze of paths, chambers and canyons, each presenting a glimpse of a fantasy world. The Rock Garden has charmed millions of visitors since it was first opened to the public in 1976 not only by the visual delights if offers, but its strange history. Nek Chand was a road inspector of the city Public Works Department when he began to transform a dump of discarded building materials. He kept the garden a closely guarded secret.....Never suspecting that one day critics would praise his unique works and he would exhibit them in Paris's Museum of Modern Art and in other cities around the world. The first phase of the rock Garden is a small canyon... part natural, albeit peculiar, rock forms, and part amalgam of broken ceramic fixtures, pebbles and coal slag. It's the sort of place that might be inhabited by trolls. The canyon opens into a series of "chambers" each one filled with scores of human and animal forms in concrete and broken ceramic or glass. Each one is different. The second phase recreates a mountain village on the banks of a stream, its inhabitants --some humble, --some aristocratic --sensed rather than seen.

 

A manmade lake spread over 3 square kilometers on the northern border of the city. At the entrance to the park one reads Corbusier's Edict of the Lake."The founders of Chandigarh have offered this lake and dam to the citizens of the new city so that they may escape the humdrum of the city life and enjoy the beauty of nature in peace and silence".
The tree-shaded promenade around the lake is a favorite spot to stroll and enjoy the tranquil ambience. Paddle-boats and yachting are another pleasant diversion....or one may simply relax at the cafe run by the Chandigarh Tourism Development Corporation.
The lake and its heavily wooded shores constitute a nationally protected wetland. This is a favorite spot for bird watchers. From December through February, aside from scores of local species, one can see many species of aquatic birds from Central Asia and Siberia that find the lake a pleasant place to pass the winter. The lake also has a full length water course, developed in 1989 when the city hosted the 1989 Asia Rowing Championship.


government museum

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

natural-history-museum, chadigarh

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

doll mesum, chadigarh

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

rock garden, chadigarh

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sukhna lake, chadigarh

Reaching Chandigarh  

Chandigarh is connected to Delhi (daily) and Amritsar (bi-weekly) by flights of Indian Airlines. There is also a weekly flight to Leh from Chandigarh. Jet Airways has daily flights to Chandigarh from Delhi. The airport is 11 km away from the main city.

The railway station is 7 km away from the city center. It is well connected to the major cities of India like Delhi (238 km), Bikaner (575 km), and Jodhpur (827 km).

Chandigarh is well connected by road to almost every small and big town in northern India. Frequent buses ply from Chandigarh to Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and even Rajasthan. One has a varied choice that includes luxury buses, ordinary buses and taxis, all of which are readily available.

 
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